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Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Fighter
LINGUISTICS
Summary of the Word-Order Problem In Phonology of the Standard Chinese (San Duanmu)
The word-order problem is discussed respectively in [X Y N] and [V-O N] compounds. Duanmu throw some assumptions, including foot binarity and the internal phrase violation, to explain the problems. The presence and absence of [V N] and [V NN] are also discussed. The foot-boundary crossing may account for it, which can be applied to cases in both Chinese and English. Last, internal phrases are still found in spite of violation. They are regarded as ‘quotations.’
Different Signs of Intentional Communication between Different Ages
Intentional communication is the vocalization or behavior from infants to obtain others’ help or attention. A key point making the difference between intentional communication and merely crying or fussing is whether the infants do it intentionally to make other people meet their goals. In some conditions, however, it is hard to decide if an action is intentional communication or not. The main difficulty of determining when an infant begins using intentional communication is that there is so specific form of intentional communication used between different infants and infants at different ages. In this research, we try to find the differences in signs of intentional communication between different ages so as to help us make better judgments in deciding intentional communication.
To attract infants or young children’s attention, adults usually modify their speech directed to children. This is called Motherese or child-directed speech (CDS). One of the most dramatic characteristic of CDS is its prosodic features, such as high pitch, variable pitch and exaggerate stress. And special prosodic features of CDS may be universal characteristic in languages. This paper is to compare the prosodic features in child-directed speech with adult’s speech. Two mothers were observed and their speech was recorded. We will present the data and discuss it.